People with learning disabilities, in particular those with Down’s syndrome, are at a higher risk of developing dementia. When someone with a learning disability develops dementia, they may experience different and additional challenges compared to people without a learning disability.
Thanks to advances in healthcare, people with learning disabilities are living longer. This increases the likelihood that they may reach an age where dementia becomes a concern. If you support someone with a learning disability, it’s important to be aware of this possibility.
Diagnosing dementia in someone with a learning disability can often be more complex and take longer. This makes it especially important for those who know the person well to be able to recognise early signs and symptoms.
As a carer, you likely understand how best to support the person. When dementia develops, their needs will change and require new forms of care and attention.
Every person is unique, and this is true for both learning disabilities and dementia. With the right support, it’s possible to maintain a good quality of life after a dementia diagnosis.
How Dementia Affects People with Learning Disabilities
Dementia tends to occur earlier in people with learning disabilities. Around 1 in 5 individuals with learning disabilities over 65 will develop dementia. For people with Down’s syndrome, the risk is much higher—approximately 2 in 3 over the age of 60 are diagnosed, most often with Alzheimer’s disease.
Dementia may also progress more quickly in people with learning disabilities. This can happen because diagnosis is often delayed, allowing symptoms to worsen before care begins. Additionally, many already have other health issues that may not be well-managed, making timely and appropriate care even more crucial.
Recognising Symptoms of Dementia
Early identification is key. Common early signs in someone with a learning disability may include:
- Changes in everyday living skills
- New approaches or difficulties with routine tasks
- Memory loss, trouble reasoning, or language difficulties
As a carer, you are well-placed to notice subtle changes, such as shifts in mood or slower completion of familiar tasks. Any ongoing changes—especially if noted by carers, friends, or family—should be shared with the person’s GP or learning disability team.
While these symptoms could be caused by other conditions, they should always be investigated. Early assessment can make a significant difference in managing dementia effectively.